Here we present 45 MCQs for the Percentage practice set. The MCQs will help you to become comfortable with quick percentage calculations. You will be able to solve questions on increase/decrease, discount, and real exam patterns. Check the solutions to learn faster methods. Do this set once, and percentages will stop feeling like “pain in decimal form.”
Here’s a handy hub for more topics: aptitude question and answers.
Percentage Formulas
The base formula
Percentage = (Value ÷ Total value) × 100
Value = (Percentage × Total value) ÷ 100
x% of y = (x × y) ÷ 100
The fraction table you must know by heart
1/2 = 50%, 1/3 = 33.33%, 1/4 = 25%, 1/5 = 20%, 1/6 = 16.67%, 1/7 = 14.28%, 1/8 = 12.5%, 1/9 = 11.11%, 1/10 = 10%
1/11 = 9.09%, 1/12 = 8.33%, 1/15 = 6.67%, 1/16 = 6.25%, 1/20 = 5%, 1/25 = 4%, 1/40 = 2.5%, 1/50 = 2%
2/3 = 66.67%, 3/4 = 75%, 2/5 = 40%, 3/5 = 60%, 4/5 = 80%, 3/8 = 37.5%, 5/8 = 62.5%, 7/8 = 87.5%
This one table saves more time than every shortcut in the chapter put together.
The shortcuts
x% of y = y% of x, so 16% of 25 is the same as 25% of 16, which is 4
Break the percentage into easy parts. 35% of 240 = 25% of 240 plus 10% of 240 = 60 + 24 = 84
Increase and decrease
New value after an increase of x% = Original × (100 + x) ÷ 100
New value after a decrease of x% = Original × (100 − x) ÷ 100
Percentage change = (Change ÷ Original value) × 100
The base is always the original value, never the new one.
More than and less than, the reversal formulas
If A is x% more than B, then B is less than A by (x ÷ (100 + x)) × 100 percent
If A is x% less than B, then B is more than A by (x ÷ (100 − x)) × 100 percent
So if A is 25% more than B, then B is 20% less than A, not 25%.
Successive change
Net change of a% followed by b% = a + b + (a × b ÷ 100) percent
Use a minus sign for a fall.
A rise of 20% followed by a fall of 20% gives 20 − 20 − 4 = a net fall of 4%
Two successive rises of x% give 2x + (x² ÷ 100) percent
The increase and decrease trap
If a value is increased by x% and then decreased by x%, there is always a net loss of (x² ÷ 100) percent.
The final value is always less than the original, whichever order you do it in.
Price and consumption
If the price rises by x%, the consumption must fall by (x ÷ (100 + x)) × 100 percent to keep the expenditure the same
If the price falls by x%, the consumption can rise by (x ÷ (100 − x)) × 100 percent to keep the expenditure the same
Expenditure, price and quantity
Expenditure = Price × Quantity
If the price changes by a% and the quantity by b%, the expenditure changes by a + b + (a × b ÷ 100) percent
Population and growth
Population after n years = P (1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ
Population n years ago = P ÷ (1 + R ÷ 100)ⁿ
For a fall, use (1 − R ÷ 100) instead
Exam marks questions
Passing marks = Marks obtained + Marks short by
If a student scores x% and fails by a marks, while another scores y% and gets b marks more than the pass mark, then the total marks = (a + b) × 100 ÷ (y − x)
45 Percentage Aptitude Questions with Answers (Solved MCQs)
Percentage Aptitude Test: Core Percentage Skills (15 Challenging MCQ Questions)
Question 1. 17.5% of a number is 280. What is the number?
a) 1400
b) 1600
c) 1800
d) 2000
Answer:
b) 1600
Question 2. A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net percentage change?
a) 0%
b) 2% decrease
c) 4% decrease
d) 4% increase
Answer:
c) 4% decrease
Question 3. The price of an item is reduced by 15%. By what percentage should the reduced price be increased to get back the original price?
a) 15%
b) 17.65%
c) 18%
d) 20%
Answer:
b) 17.65%
Question 4. 62.5% of 384 equals:
a) 220
b) 230
c) 240
d) 250
Answer:
c) 240
Question 5. A salary of ₹48,000 is increased by 12.5%. What is the new salary?
a) ₹52,000
b) ₹54,000
c) ₹56,000
d) ₹60,000
Answer:
b) ₹54,000
Question 6. If the price of sugar decreases by 10%, by what percentage must consumption increase so that the expenditure remains the same?
a) 10%
b) 11.11%
c) 12%
d) 9.09%
Answer:
b) 11.11%
Question 7. A number is first increased by 25% and then increased by 20%. What is the overall percentage increase?
a) 40%
b) 45%
c) 50%
d) 55%
Answer:
c) 50%
Question 8. A person spends 35% of his income on rent and 20% of the remaining on food. If he saves ₹31,200, what is his income?
a) ₹60,000
b) ₹65,000
c) ₹70,000
d) ₹75,000
Answer:
c) ₹65,000
Question 9. The population of a town increases by 12% in one year and decreases by 10% in the next year. What is the net percentage change?
a) 1.2% increase
b) 0.8% increase
c) 0.8% decrease
d) 1.2% decrease
Answer:
b) 0.8% increase
Question 10. A student scored 420 marks out of 600. What is his percentage?
a) 65%
b) 68%
c) 70%
d) 72%
Answer:
c) 70%
Question 11. If 45% of a number is 540, then 30% of the same number is:
a) 320
b) 340
c) 360
d) 380
Answer:
c) 360
Question 12. A shopkeeper marks an item 40% above cost and gives a discount of 25%. What is his profit percentage?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 12.5%
d) 15%
Answer:
c) 5%
Question 13. The value of a machine depreciates by 20% each year. If its present value is ₹51,200 after 2 years, what was its original value?
a) ₹75,000
b) ₹80,000
c) ₹85,000
d) ₹90,000
Answer:
b) ₹80,000
Question 14. An item is sold for ₹1,260 after giving a discount of 10%. What was the marked price?
a) ₹1,350
b) ₹1,400
c) ₹1,450
d) ₹1,500
Answer:
b) ₹1,400
Question 15. A number is increased by 30%. By what percentage should it be decreased to get back the original number?
a) 20%
b) 23.08%
c) 25%
d) 30%
Answer:
b) 23.08%
Percentage Aptitude Test: Multiple Changes + Weighted Effects (15 Challenging MCQ Questions)
Question 16. A product’s price is increased by 10% and then decreased by 15%. What is the net percentage change?
a) 3.5% decrease
b) 5% decrease
c) 4% decrease
d) 1.5% decrease
Answer:
a) 6.5% decrease
Question 17. In a class, 60% are boys. If 20 boys leave and the total strength becomes 80, boys now become 50%. What was the original class strength?
a) 100
b) 120
c) 150
d) 200
Answer:
b) 100
Question 18. The average marks of 40 students is 65. If the average marks of boys is 70 and girls is 60, what percentage of the class are boys?
a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 60%
d) 70%
Answer:
c) 50%
Question 19. A’s salary is 25% more than B’s. B’s salary is 20% less than C’s. A’s salary is what percent of C’s salary?
a) 90%
b) 100%
c) 120%
d) 150%
Answer:
c) 100%
Question 20. A mixture contains 40% alcohol. How many liters of pure alcohol must be added to 20 liters of the mixture to make it 50% alcohol?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer:
c) 4
Question 21. The price of an item is increased by 12% and then increased by 8%. By what single percentage should the original price be increased to get the same result?
a) 18%
b) 19.2%
c) 20%
d) 21%
Answer:
b) 20.96%
Question 22. A company’s profit increases by 25% while expenses increase by 15%. If initially profit was 20% of expenses, what is the new profit percentage of expenses?
a) 18.5%
b) 20%
c) 21.7%
d) 25%
Answer:
c) 21.7%
Question 23. A candidate needs 55% marks to pass. He gets 176 marks and fails by 22 marks. What are the maximum marks?
a) 360
b) 380
c) 400
d) 420
Answer:
c) 360
Question 24. A man’s income increases by 20% and his expenditure increases by 25%. If he was saving 30% of his income earlier, what percentage of income does he save now?
a) 20%
b) 22.5%
c) 25%
d) 28%
Answer:
b) 22.5%
Question 25. The prices of petrol and diesel are in the ratio 4:5. If petrol increases by 25% and diesel decreases by 20%, what is the new ratio?
a) 1:1
b) 2:3
c) 5:4
d) 4:5
Answer:
a) 1:1
Question 26. In an exam, 30% students failed in Maths, 25% failed in English and 10% failed in both. What percentage passed in both subjects?
a) 55%
b) 60%
c) 65%
d) 70%
Answer:
d) 55%
Question 27. A mobile is sold at 10% profit after giving 20% discount on marked price. Marked price is what percent above cost price?
a) 25%
b) 30%
c) 37.5%
d) 40%
Answer:
c) 37.5%
Question 28. A student scored 80% in Maths and 60% in Science. If Maths has 40% weightage and Science has 60% weightage, what is the overall percentage?
a) 66%
b) 68%
c) 70%
d) 72%
Answer:
b) 68%
Question 29. A price is reduced by 20%. By what percentage should the new price be increased to make it 10% more than the original price?
a) 25%
b) 30%
c) 37.5%
d) 50%
Answer:
c) 37.5%
Question 30. The length of a rectangle is increased by 20% and breadth is decreased by 10%. What is the net percentage change in area?
a) 8% increase
b) 8% decrease
c) 10% increase
d) 12% increase
Answer:
a) 8% increase
Percentage Aptitude Test: Advanced Word Problems + Data Sufficiency (15 Challenging MCQ Questions)
Question 31. A shopkeeper sells an item at 20% discount on marked price and still makes 12% profit. If cost price is ₹1,000, what is the marked price?
a) ₹1,250
b) ₹1,350
c) ₹1,400
d) ₹1,500
Answer:
c) ₹1,400
Question 32. A man’s salary has basic and allowance. Basic is 60% of total salary. Allowance increases by 25% while basic remains same. If total salary increases by 10%, find percentage increase in allowance component of total salary.
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 30%
Answer:
b) 20%
Question 33. A trader marks his goods 50% above cost. He allows a discount of 20% and pays a commission of 5% on sales. What is his profit percentage?
a) 10%
b) 12%
c) 14%
d) 20%
Answer:
b) 14%
Question 34. The population of a city increases by 5% annually. In how many years will it increase by 21% approximately?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer:
b) 4
Question 35. A student needs 75% to get distinction. He scored 432 out of total and missed distinction by 6%. Find total marks.
a) 540
b) 600
c) 720
d) 800
Answer:
b) 600
Question 36. A’s income is 30% more than B’s. B’s income is 25% less than C’s. A’s income is what percent of C’s income?
a) 90%
b) 97.5%
c) 100%
d) 105%
Answer:
c) 97.5%
Question 37. A shopkeeper offers successive discounts of 10% and 15%. What is the single equivalent discount?
a) 24%
b) 23.5%
c) 25%
d) 26.5%
Answer:
b) 23.5%
Question 38. DATA SUFFICIENCY: Find the marked price of an item.
I. Selling price is ₹1,260 after a discount of 10%.
II. The profit is 12% on cost price.
a) Statement I alone is sufficient
b) Statement II alone is sufficient
c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone
d) Even together, not sufficient
Answer:
a) Statement I alone is sufficient
Question 39. DATA SUFFICIENCY: Find the original number.
I. 20% of the number is 84.
II. 35% of the number is 147.
a) Statement I alone is sufficient
b) Statement II alone is sufficient
c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone
d) Even together, not sufficient
Answer:
a) Statement I alone is sufficient
Question 40. DATA SUFFICIENCY: Find the percentage of students who passed both subjects.
I. 30% failed in Maths.
II. 25% failed in English and 10% failed in both.
a) Statement I alone is sufficient
b) Statement II alone is sufficient
c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone
d) Even together, not sufficient
Answer:
c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone
Question 41. DATA SUFFICIENCY: Find the new salary after increment.
I. Salary increased by 12.5%.
II. Increase amount is ₹6,000.
a) Statement I alone is sufficient
b) Statement II alone is sufficient
c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone
d) Even together, not sufficient
Answer:
c) Both statements together are sufficient, but neither alone
Question 42. A bottle contains 40% acid. 10 liters of mixture is removed and replaced by water. Now acid becomes 32%. Find the initial quantity of mixture.
a) 40 L
b) 50 L
c) 60 L
d) 80 L
Answer:
c) 80 L
Question 43. The price of an item is increased by 25%. By what percentage should it be decreased to bring it back to original price?
a) 15%
b) 18%
c) 20%
d) 25%
Answer:
c) 20%
Question 44. A company gives 10% bonus on salary. After bonus, total payout increased by ₹2.4 lakh. Find total salary payout before bonus.
a) ₹20 lakh
b) ₹24 lakh
c) ₹30 lakh
d) ₹36 lakh
Answer:
b) ₹24 lakh
Question 45. A student scored 20% more than the passing marks and got 360. If he had scored 10% less than passing marks, he would have failed by 60. Find the passing marks.
a) 280
b) 300
c) 320
d) 340
Answer:
b) 300
Aptitude Questions and Answers for other topics
| Number system and series | ||
|---|---|---|
| HCF and LCM | Simplification | Number Series |
| Interest and commercial maths | ||
| Percentage | Profit and Loss | Compound Interest |
| Partnership | ||
| Ratio, average and mixture | ||
| Ratio and Proportion | Alligation or Mixture | Problems on Ages |
| Speed, time and distance | ||
| Time and Distance | Problems on Trains | Boats and Streams |
| Work and rate | ||
| Time and Work | Pipes and Cistern | |
| Mensuration | ||
| Volume and Surface Area | Height and Distance | |
| Permutation and probability | ||
| Permutation and Combination | Probability | |
| Calendar and clock | ||
| Calendar | Clock | |
